ONTOLOGY SOURCE REFERENCE Term Source Name "EFO" "NCBITaxon" "BTO" Term Source File "http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/efo.owl" "http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/47845" "http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/50231" Term Source Version "" "47845" "50231" Term Source Description "" "National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Organismal Classification" "BRENDA Tissue and Enzyme Source Ontology" INVESTIGATION Investigation Identifier "" Investigation Title "" Investigation Description "" Investigation Submission Date "" Investigation Public Release Date "" Comment [Created with configuration] "" Comment [Last Opened With Configuration] "" INVESTIGATION PUBLICATIONS Investigation PubMed ID "" Investigation Publication DOI "" Investigation Publication Author List "" Investigation Publication Title "" Investigation Publication Status "" Investigation Publication Status Term Accession Number "" Investigation Publication Status Term Source REF "" INVESTIGATION CONTACTS Investigation Person Last Name "" Investigation Person First Name "" Investigation Person Mid Initials "" Investigation Person Email "" Investigation Person Phone "" Investigation Person Fax "" Investigation Person Address "" Investigation Person Affiliation "" Investigation Person Roles "" Investigation Person Roles Term Accession Number "" Investigation Person Roles Term Source REF "" STUDY Study Identifier "E-GEOD-36169" Study Title "Expression profiling reveals elevated PTGDS (prostagladin D2 synthase) in bald scalp regions. [original title: Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia]" Study Description "Testosterone is necessary for the development of male pattern baldness, known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA); yet the mechanisms for decreased hair growth in this disorder are unclear. Here, we show that prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) is elevated at the mRNA and protein levels in bald scalp compared to haired scalp of men with AGA. The product of PTGDS enzyme activity, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), is similarly elevated in bald scalp. During normal follicle cycling in mice Ptgds and PGD2 levels increase immediately preceding the regression phase, suggesting an inhibitory effect on hair growth. We show that PGD2 inhibits hair growth in explanted human hair follicles and when applied topically to mice. Hair growth inhibition requires the PGD2 receptor G protein-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44), but not the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1(PTGDR). Furthermore, we find that a transgenic mouse, K14-Ptgs2, which targets prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression to the skin, demonstrates elevated levels of PGD2 in the skin and develops alopecia, follicular miniaturization and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which are all hallmarks of human AGA. These results define PGD2 as an inhibitor of hair growth in AGA and suggest the PGD2-GPR44 pathway as a potential target for treatment. 5 individuals with Androgenetic Alopecia were biopsied at both their haired and bald scalp for mRNA purification and microarray (total 10 arrays)" Comment[Study Grant Number] "" Comment[Study Funding Agency] "" Study Submission Date "" Study Public Release Date "2012-03-26" Study File Name "s_E-GEOD-36169_study_samples.txt" STUDY DESIGN DESCRIPTORS Study Design Type "transcription profiling by array" Study Design Type Term Accession Number "" Study Design Type Term Source REF "" STUDY PUBLICATIONS Study PubMed ID "22440736" Study Publication DOI "10.1126/scitranslmed.3003122" Study Publication Author List "Garza LA, Liu Y, Yang Z, Alagesan B, Lawson JA, Norberg SM, Loy DE, Zhao T, Blatt HB, Stanton DC, Carrasco L, Ahluwalia G, Fischer SM, FitzGerald GA, Cotsarelis G." Study Publication Title "Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia." Study Publication Status "Published" Study Publication Status Term Accession Number "" Study Publication Status Term Source REF "" STUDY FACTORS Study Factor Name "subject" "haired or bald" Study Factor Type "subject" "haired or bald" Study Factor Type Term Accession Number "" "" Study Factor Type Term Source REF "" "" STUDY ASSAYS Study Assay File Name "a_E-GEOD-36169_GeneChip_assay.txt" Study Assay Measurement Type "transcription profiling" Study Assay Measurement Type Term Accession Number "" Study Assay Measurement Type Term Source REF "" Study Assay Technology Type "DNA microarray" Study Assay Technology Type Term Accession Number "" Study Assay Technology Type Term Source REF "" Study Assay Technology Platform "" STUDY PROTOCOLS Study Protocol Name "P-GSE36169-1" "P-GSE36169-5" "P-GSE36169-4" "P-GSE36169-2" "P-GSE36169-3" "P-GSE36169-6" Study Protocol Type "bioassay_data_transformation" "image_aquisition" "hybridization" "nucleic_acid_extraction" "labeling" "feature_extraction" Study Protocol Type Term Accession Number "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Type Term Source REF "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Description "ID_REF =
VALUE = non log transformed GCRMA signal intensities." "Affymetrix GeneChip Technical Manual: GeneChip Scanner 3000 7G" "Affymetrix GeneChip Technical Manual: standard hybridization cocktail at 45C for 16hr." "Qiagen Fibrous RNA kit" "Affymetrix One-Cycle Target Labeling Kit: Linear amplification and biotinylation by T7 RNA polymerase in vitro transcription." "GCRMA signal intensities were calculated from cel files using GeneSpring version 7. To be included probe set must be present in 2 of 10 subjects" Study Protocol URI "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Version "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Parameters Name "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Parameters Name Term Accession Number "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Parameters Name Term Source REF "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Components Name "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Components Type "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Components Type Term Accession Number "" "" "" "" "" "" Study Protocol Components Type Term Source REF "" "" "" "" "" "" STUDY CONTACTS Study Person Last Name "Garza" "Garza" "Cotsarelis" Study Person First Name "Luis" "Luis" "George" Study Person Mid Initials "Andres" "A" "" Study Person Email "LAG@jhmi.edu" "" "" Study Person Phone "410-955-3865" "" "" Study Person Fax "410-614-0635" "" "" Study Person Address "Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1551 Orleans St. Suite 204 CRBII Koch, Baltimore, MD, USA" "" "" Study Person Affiliation "Johns Hopkins School of Medicine" "" "" Study Person Roles "submitter" "" "" Study Person Roles Term Accession Number "" "" "" Study Person Roles Term Source REF "" "" "" Comment[Study Person REF] "" "" ""